The goal of the Baum-Connes conjecture (BCC) is to understand irreducible, unitary representations from a topological viewpoint. Furthermore, the relationship between topology and representation theory is mediated by elliptic operators.
“The origins of the BC-conjecture go back to Fredholm theory, the Atiyah-Singer index theorem and the interplay of geometry with operator K-theory as expressed in the works of Brown, Douglas and Fillmore, among many other motivating subjects.” Thus, equivariant K-homology classes are represented by certain generalizations of the Connes-`Dirac' (D) operator, and the map to the K-theory of the C*-algebra is defined by taking the index of the Connes D-operator.
is the simplest example
of a group
that is not presently known to satisfy (or not satisfy) the BC-conjecture, but it is nevertheless `suspected' to be true for such groups. Moreover,
the BC-conjecture remains so far unproven in general for discrete groups.
It has been speculated that BCC is also true for groupoids, but numerous counter-examples have already been reported.
BCC Conjecture: The assembly map
from the equivariant
K-homology with
-compact supports of the classifying space of proper actions
to the K-theory of the reduced
C*-algebra of
is an isomorphism.
Thus, in operator K-theory (OKT), the Baum-Connes proposition conjectures that there is a link between the K-theory of the C*-algebra of a group and the K-homology of the corresponding classifying space of proper actions of that same group. It thus proposes that there exists a correspondence between several distinct areas of mathematics: K-homology (related to geometry), differential operator theory, and homotopy theory on the one hand, and the K-theory of the reduced C*-algebra-which is currently formulated as an analytical object-on the other hand.
Several authors consider BCC to consist of two major parts that can be separately approached: the injectivity and surjectivity involved in the isomorphism. Actually, even the injectivity part of the conjecture in itself is a rather difficult problem. It was, however, reported that the injectivity of the Baum-Connes assembly map implies the Novikov's higher signature conjecture [3]. The injectivity is also known for the following classes of subgroups:
The BCC, if it were shown to be generally true, would also have some older, quite famous conjectures as consequences. For instance, the surjectivity part of BCC implies the Kadison-Kaplansky conjecture for a discrete torsion-free group, whereas-as already discussed above- the injectivity part of BCC would seem to be closely related to the earlier, Novikov conjecture.
BCC may also be seen as related to Index Theory (IT), because the assembly map
is a type
of index, that plays a major role in Alain Connes' noncommutative geometry
formulation.
In the general case, as for example for a non-Abelian
group,
,
the “space of irreducible representations of such a group” is no longer a commutative object, and was replaced by A. Connes by a C*-algebra which is in general a noncommutative
object- or a so-called (non-standard), noncommutative “space”. One is especially interested in graded Hilbert spaces
. In this case an odd unbounded operator is identified with a grading-preserving functional calculus homomorphism
where
Consider
to be a second countable locally compact group (such as a countable discrete group, for example). Then, one can define a morphism
called the assembly map, from the equivariant K-homology with
-compact supports of the classifying space of proper actions
to the K-theory of the reduced C*-algebra of
. The index
can be either 0
or
.
Alain Connes and Paul Baum proposed in 1982 the following conjecture about the morphism (assembly map)
:
Conjecture: The assembly map
is an isomorphism.
Because there are hardly any general structure theorems
of the
-algebra,
the left hand side is much more accessible than the right hand one, and therefore one views the BB-conjecture as some type of “explanation” of the right hand side. Furthermore, it is now known (see, for example, [5]) that if a discrete group
is uniformly embedded into a Hilbert space, then the Baum-Connes assembly map is injective.
This injectivity /injectiveness allows one to prove the following (GHW)
theorem of Guentner, Higson and Weinberger, [4].
Furthermore, a refined argument in [4] showed that in the case of a subgroup of
by reducing the full Baum-Connes Conjecture to the GHW theorem that BCC then holds true.
One might think that the Baum-Connes Conjecture may not be directly relevant to either QFT or AQFT because it involves just locally compact groups (LCG 's)-and therefore, does not say anything directly about gauge groups (either Abelian or non-Abelian). On the other hand, certain types of LCG's called locally compact quantum groups (L-CQG 's) are relevant to AQFT; moreover, other quantum groups that have as duals Hopf coalgebras are useful for solving a number of important physical problems treated via quantum Yang-Mills equations (that are already of great interest in quantum physics). Locally compact quantum groups are likely also to be important for further developments of quantum gravity theories, where the Hopf might be replaced by graded Lie, or superalgebras, in the supersymmetric form of supergravity theories. Thus, the natural question of the likely role played by the Baum-Connes Conjecture arises also in the context of classifying L-CQG' s and quantum groups, in general. Whereas, the discrete, finite and commutative `quantum' groups are readily computed by Fourier transformation of their dual Hopf algebras, the classification of the more important, noncommutative quantum groups may utilize BCC thus providing additional motivation for obtaining a proof of BCC.
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