High energy physics
This is a contributed topic on high energy physics.
Because high energies are usually obtained by researchers in large particle accelerators this important, expensive and intensive branch of physics is often called particle physics. Some high energy
particles whose origin is in outer space are however also detected at high altitudes on Earth or by detectors mounted on satellites.
The current model employed by branches of physics other than Gravitation
is summarized by `The Standard Model' which can be described as the current classification of particles based only on strong, electromagnetic and electroweak interactions, mediated by field particles called gauge bosons.
The gauge bosons corresponding to the above three types of interactions are:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, located on Long Island; this is a Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider that collides heavy ions such as gold ions with polarized protons.
- The “Tevatron” at Fermilab, located near Chicago, USA; this is a proton-antiproton collider, at present the second highest energy particle collider in the world.
- SLAC, located near Berkeley and Palo Alto, USA, an electron-positron
collider and storage ring.
- CERN, located on the French-Swiss border near Geneva, currently operating
the world's higherst energy particle acccelerator-the Large hadron
Collider (LHC)
- SPS at CERN-the “Super Proton Synchrotron”-precursor of LHC
- DESY, located in Hamburg, Germany, with the high energy HERA electron (or positron)- proton collider.
- ISIS- the brightest neutron
spallation source at the Harwell reactor, near Oxford, in U.K.
KEK, located in Tsukuba, Japan, is the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization of Japan.
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics at Novosibirsk.
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