fuzzy logics of living organisms
FuzzyLogicsOfLivingOrganisms
2009-05-09 21:13:09
2026-09-07 22:54:21
Topic
section numbering fix
fuzzy logics
living organisms logic
% almost certainly you want these
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
% used for TeXing text within eps files
%\usepackage{psfrag}
% need this for including graphics (\includegraphics)
%\usepackage{graphicx}
% for neatly defining theorems and propositions
%\usepackage{amsthm}
% making logically defined graphics
%\usepackage{xypic}
% there are many more packages, add them here as you need them
\subsection{Fuzzy logics of living organisms}
Living organisms or biosystems can be represented as super-complex systems
with dynamics that is not reducible to that of their components, such as
molecules and atoms. It is an empirically accepted fact that living organisms
exhibit a wide degree of ``biological variability'': genetic, epigenetic,
phenotypic, and metabolic variability within the same species. Their behavior
and dynamics thus exhibit a type of ``fuzziness'' (refs.~\cite{ICBM1,ICB77})
that, unlike Zadeh's fuzzy sets characteristic \cite{ZLA1,ZLA2}, is neither
random nor always described by a symmetric Gaussian distribution.
It has been proposed that the operational logics underlying super-complex
\PMlinkname{systems dynamics}{GeneralDynamicSystems} are
\PMlinkname{$LM_n$ many-valued logics}{AlgebraicCategoryOfLMnLogicAlgebras}
for both genetic and neural networks (refs.~\cite{ICB77,ICB2k4}).
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{GG2k6}
G. Georgescu,
N-valued Logics and \L{}ukasiewicz--Moisil Algebras,
\emph{Axiomathes}, \textbf{16}(1--2), 123--136 (2006).
\bibitem{ICBM1}
I. C. Baianu and M. Marinescu,
Organismic Supercategories: Towards a Unitary Theory of Systems,
\emph{Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics}, \textbf{30}, 148--159 (1968).
\bibitem{ICB77}
I. C. Baianu,
A Logical Model of Genetic Activities in \L{}ukasiewicz Algebras:
The Non-linear Theory,
\emph{Bulletin of Mathematical Biology}, \textbf{39}, 249--258 (1977).
\bibitem{ICB87a}
I. C. Baianu,
Computer Models and Automata Theory in Biology and Medicine,
in M. Witten (ed.),
\emph{Mathematical Models in Medicine}, vol.~7, ch.~11,
Pergamon Press, New York, 1513--1577 (1986--1987).
\PMlinkexternal{CERN Preprint No. EXT-2004-072}{http://doe.cern.ch//archive/electronic/other/ext/ext-2004-072.pdf}
and
\PMlinkexternal{HTML abstract}{http://en.scientificcommons.org/1857371}.
\bibitem{ICB87b}
I. C. Baianu,
Molecular Models of Genetic and Organismic Structures,
in \emph{Proceedings of the Relational Biology Symposium}, Argentina (1987).
\PMlinkexternal{CERN Preprint No. EXT-2004-067}{http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/other/ext/ext-2004-067.pdf}.
\bibitem{ICB2k4}
I. C. Baianu,
\L{}ukasiewicz-Topos Models of Neural Networks, Cell Genome and Interactome
Nonlinear Dynamic Models (2004), e-print at Cogprints, Sussex University.
\bibitem{ZLA1}
L. A. Zadeh,
Fuzzy Sets,
\emph{Information and Control}, \textbf{8}, 338--353 (1965).
\bibitem{ZLA2}
L. A. Zadeh,
The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate
Reasoning I, II, III,
\emph{Information Sciences}, vols.~8--9 (1975),
199--249, 301--357, 43--80.
\end{thebibliography}